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Bleeding
First aid for carotid artery bleeding in the lower part of the neck
Immediately apply pressure to the wound with your finger (you can place a towel or cloth on the wound and then press with your finger).
Apply pressure to the wound with a towel or cloth over the victim's collar.
Place a gauze ball or a thick cloth folded several times on the compressed area.
Place a tourniquet or a makeshift material over the cloth, pass it around the victim's neck and under the opposite arm, and tie a knot. Call an ambulance or take the victim to a medical facility immediately.
First aid for carotid artery bleeding in the upper part of the neck
Immediately apply pressure to the wound with your finger (you can place a towel or cloth on the wound and then press with your finger).
Place a gauze ball or a thick cloth folded several times on the compressed area.
Raise the victim's opposite arm and hold it above their head.
Tie a tourniquet or a makeshift material over the cloth, passing it through the raised arm on the opposite side.
First aid for femoral artery bleeding
Remember: if femoral artery bleeding continues for more than 2 minutes, the victim will die.
Compress the femoral artery with your fist on the inner thigh, just below the groin
Place a gauze ball or a thick cloth (any object) over the wound while continuing to compress the artery.
Wrap a tourniquet or a makeshift material (such as a tie, belt, or a long cloth folded several times) around the femur over the cloth. Check the pulse at the ankle or if you’re sure the bleeding has stopped, tie the makeshift material.
Place a sheet of paper under the makeshift material with the time of its placement written on it (hours and minutes).
First aid for acute bleeding of the upper limb (shoulder, forearm, wrist)
Remember! Losing a large amount of blood in a short period of time is life-threatening. The most crucial first aid is to quickly and effectively stop the bleeding.
Without delay, use any makeshift material to compress the vein above the wound site, over the victim's clothing. Ensure there is no pulse below the wound while doing so.
Apply a bandage to the wound. Place a sheet of paper under the makeshift material with the time of its placement written on it.
Hold the arm elevated at heart level.
Call an ambulance or assist in the immediate evacuation of the victim to a medical facility.
Every 30-40 minutes, you should release the makeshift material for 20-30 seconds (until the color of the skin normalizes), and then compress it again a little higher or lower than the previous place. The time written on paper cannot be changed.
First aid for nosebleeds
Tilt the victim's head slightly forward and let the blood drain a little.
Pinch the nose just above the nostrils for 5-10 minutes. During this time, the victim should breathe through their mouth. Apply a cold compress (such as a wet towel, snow, ice) to the base of the nose and the nape of the neck.
If the bleeding does not stop, call an ambulance or take the victim to a medical facility.
First aid for soft tissue injury of the head
Remember: During head injuries, the introduction of air through the wound is life-threatening for the victim!
Without delay, apply a gauze ball or a thick cloth folded several times to the wound. Even if the cloth becomes completely saturated with blood, do not remove it (as it will help prevent air from entering through the wound). Place an additional cloth or bandage over the initial one.
Secure the cloth (gauze ball) placed over the wound by using a cap, bandana, or by wrapping it with a bandage."
Call an ambulance or assist in the immediate evacuation of the victim to a medical facility.